Elite athletes are often thought of as warriors. But throughout history, many have battled diseases before, during, or after they made a name for…. When enough people are vaccinated, it helps protect society and creates herd immunity. Discover a list of foods that can give you energy and help you beat fatigue. If you have diabetes, you'll likely experience fatigue at some point.
We'll tell you what you need to know. Health Conditions Discover Plan Connect. What is polio? However, thanks to the global polio eradication initiative in , the following regions are now certified polio-free: Americas Europe Western Pacific Southeast Asia The polio vaccine was developed in and made available in HealthGrove Graphiq.
What are the symptoms of polio? How does the poliovirus infect someone? How do doctors diagnose polio? How do doctors treat polio? How to prevent polio. From the history of polio to now. Read this next. On this page. Immunisation against polio Immunisation against polio for children Immunisation against polio for adults Symptoms of polio How polio spreads Risk factors for polio Diagnosis of polio Treatment for polio Where to get help. Immunisation against polio Immunisation is the best protection against polio.
Immunisation against polio for children Protection against polio is available free of charge for children under the National Immunisation Program. In Victoria, immunisation against polio is free for: babies at 2, 4 and 6 months — immunisation in the form of a diphtheria, tetanus, whooping cough, hepatitis B, polio and Haemophilus influenza type b Hib vaccine 6-in-1 vaccine children at 4 years — a booster dose in the form of a diphtheria, tetanus, whooping cough, polio vaccine 4-in-1 vaccine children up to and including 9 years of age — catch up immunisation with combination vaccines is available Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people, refugees and asylum seekers from 10 years of age — catch-up immunisations with a polio-only vaccine are available for people who have not been fully vaccinated.
Immunisation against polio for adults It is recommended that all adults make sure that they have been vaccinated against polio. People who are at risk and may need a booster include: people intending to travel to Afghanistan or Pakistan, where polio is still endemic known as wild poliovirus people intending to travel to areas where there has been a recent outbreak of circulating vaccine-derived poliovirus see the Global Polio Eradication Initiative website for the current list of affected areas healthcare workers who have been in contact with people who may have had the poliovirus in the past 10 weeks people who are likely to handle laboratory specimens that contain live poliovirus.
Symptoms of polio Polio symptoms generally appear between 3 and 21 days after infection. In mild polio cases, symptoms include: fever tiredness and weakness malaise headache nausea and vomiting muscle stiffness. If the virus spreads to the nervous system, it can cause major illness, such as: encephalitis inflammation of the brain meningitis inflammation of membranes that surround the brain and spinal cord paralysis. The onset of paralysis is generally quite rapid — usually within 3 to 4 days.
Symptoms include: severe muscle pain stiffness of the neck and back — with or without paralysis swallowing and breathing problems death — in severe cases, when breathing and swallowing muscles are paralysed.
Paralytic polio can cause long-term disability due to paralysis of the muscles. How polio spreads The poliovirus is spread when food, water or hands that are contaminated with the faeces poo or the throat or nasal secretions of an infected person enter the mouth of an uninfected person. People who are particularly at risk of infection include: pregnant women the elderly the very young people with a weakened immune system, such as those with HIV.
Factors that can increase your risk include: travelling to an area where polio is common or where an outbreak has recently occurred living with or caring for someone who may be currently infected with the poliovirus not being immunised and having contact with someone recently immunised with the oral polio vaccine. Diagnosis of polio To diagnose polio, a doctor will: take a medical history perform a physical examination for symptoms such as: neck and back stiffness abnormal reflexes swallowing and breathing problems.
Treatment for polio There is no cure for polio. Supportive treatment options include: antibiotics — for secondary infections pain-relieving medication portable ventilators to assist breathing medication to reduce muscle spasms moderate exercise massage physiotherapy heat treatments a nutritious diet. Symptoms of late effects of polio The most common symptoms include: fatigue decreased strength and muscle endurance pain sleep problems breathing, swallowing or speech difficulties a range of physical symptoms such as scoliosis or joint problems.
PPS is diagnosed on the basis of: new symptoms of pain and weakness, continuing for at least a year medical history — having had a polio infection in the past, with or without paralysis no other clinical explanations for the symptoms known as diagnosis of exclusion. For example: muscle fatigue and pain due to reduced muscle tissue pain, and sleep or breathing problems, from postural abnormalities such as scoliosis or kyphosis increased stress on joints, leading to arthritis and pain this may be worsened by weight gain reduced bone density from long-term lack of weight-bearing activity due to weakened limbs increasing muscle weakness due to a greater loss of motor neurones than in the normal process of ageing.
Symptoms may be controlled or improved if you: avoid physical overexertion or stress keep comfortably warm and avoid exposure to cold temperatures modify daily activities to conserve energy — for example, sit rather than stand where possible use aids and equipment — for example, orthoses, braces, walking sticks and electric scotters ensure that all exercise is pain free and does not cause excessive tiredness.
For some problems, surgery may be necessary. For example: a torn rotator cuff tendon in the shoulder — this can occur after years of using the arms to assist with walking for example, using crutches or to push up and out of chairs foot deformities that can cause falls replacing worn joints at the hip and knee on the stronger leg. Rehabilitation for post-polio syndrome After a full assessment with a rehabilitation specialist, you may be referred to: a physiotherapist or exercise physiologist — for weakness, pain or mobility problems a respiratory therapist — for breathing difficulties an orthotist — for leg braces.
Section Navigation. Facebook Twitter LinkedIn Syndicate. What is Polio? Minus Related Pages. Polio, or poliomyelitis, is a disabling and life-threatening disease caused by the poliovirus.
On This Page. Learn More. Transmission Poliovirus is very contagious and spreads through person-to-person contact. Poliovirus only infects people. It enters the body through the mouth and spreads through: Contact with the feces poop of an infected person. Droplets from a sneeze or cough of an infected person less common.
You can get infected with poliovirus if: You have picked-up minute pieces of feces on your hands, and you touch your mouth. Polio is now very rare in the U. Polio is caused by poliovirus.
There are 3 types of the virus. It often spreads through contact with infected feces stool. This often happens when children don't wash their hands or don't wash them correctly. It can also happen from eating or drinking food or water that has the virus. It can be spread when an infected child coughs or sneezes infected droplets into the air. Children are most contagious right before and right after symptoms start. A child is more at risk for polio if they're in an area where polio is still active.
Polio is not active in the U. But polio is still a problem in developing countries that have widespread poverty and less access to the polio vaccine.
This includes a few countries in Africa and Asia. International healthcare groups work to get more people vaccinated to get rid of the polio virus worldwide.
A child is at risk if they travel to any of these areas, or have contact with someone else who has. Polio is even more of a risk for babies and children during the summer and fall in these areas. Before traveling to countries where polio is active or at risk for outbreaks, check with the CDC. Most children with polio have no symptoms at all. This is called an inapparent infection.
The other types of polio are:. This illness can cause severe symptoms and long-term problems. The most common symptoms of nonparalytic polio can include the same symptoms as abortive. Then after symptoms start to go away, the child may have:.
0コメント