Chinese and Japanese civilisations had discovered the principle of the closed stove much earlier. These stoves were fired by wood or charcoal through a hole in the front. In both designs, pots were placed over or hung into holes at the top of the knee-high construction. Raised kamados were developed in Japan during the Edo period - In the 18th century the first iron stoves appeared.
An early example is the Franklin stove , a wood burning stove said to have been invented by Benjamin Franklin in It had a labyrinthine path for hot exhaust gases to escape, thus allowing heat to enter the room instead of going up the chimney.
The Franklin stove, however, was designed for heating, not for cooking. Benjamin Thompson at the turn to the 19th century was among the first to present a working iron kitchen stove.
His Rumford stove used one fire to heat several pots that were also hung into holes so that they could be heated from the sides, too. It was even possible to regulate the heat individually for each hole. His stove was designed for large canteen or castle kitchens, though. It would take another 30 years until the technology had been refined and the size of the iron stove been reduced enough for domestic use.
Stewart's Oberlin stove was a much more compact iron stove, patented in the U. It became a huge commercial success with some units sold in the next 30 years. In Europe, similar designs also appeared in the s. In the following years, these iron stoves evolved into veritable cooking machines with flue pipes connected to the chimney, oven holes, and installations for heating water.
The originally open holes into which the pots were hung were now covered with concentric iron rings on which the pots were placed. Depending on the size of the pot or the heat needed, one could remove the inner rings. All these stoves were fired by wood , charcoal , or coal. The first gas stoves were developed already in the s , but these remained isolated experiments.
James Sharp in Northampton , England , patented a gas stove in and opened a gas stove factory in At the world fair in London in , a gas stove was shown, but only in the s did this technology start to become a commercial success.
The main factor for this delay was the slow growth of the gas pipe network. The first gas stoves were rather unwieldy, but soon the oven was integrated into the base and the size reduced to fit in better with the rest of the kitchen furniture.
In the s , producers started to enamel their gas stoves for easier cleaning. The AGA, and similar products such as the Rayburn Range are examples of always-on stoves which continue to burn fuel even when cooking is not being performed. Stoves or ranges as they are also known such as these are often used instead of boilers or furnaces to supply hot water and central heating to the rest of the house.
First attempts at building electrical stoves were made in the s , but its real debut was at the Chicago World's Fair in , where an electrified model kitchen was shown. But like the gas stove, the electrical stove had a slow start, partly due to the unstable technology, and partly because first cities and town needed to be electrified. Ancient times: Ancient Egyptians, Jews and Romans and probably other civilizations all employed some form of stone or brick oven fired with wood to bake bread.
Colonial America: Imagine trying to bake a cake without being able to precisely gauge or control the temperature. It had a single fire source yet the temperature could be regulated individually for several pots at the same time, all while heating the room, too. Its biggest drawback was that it was too large for modest home kitchens. But it took another three decades for the first commercially produced gas stove, designed by Englishman James Sharp, to hit the market.
The stoves became popular by the end of that century for being easier to regulate and requiring less upkeep than wood or coal stoves. He experimented further with microwave radiation and realized that it could cook food more quickly than through the application of heat. In , William Hadaway received the first patent for an electric stove, and by the late s, these stoves began to compete with their gas counterparts.
James Sharp developed a contained system based on this manual oven, and the first gas oven model was on sale in Almost 60 years later, William Hadaway was issued the first patent for an electric oven. Indane serves more than million families through a network of distributors.
A gas stove can explode if the flame fails to light when you turn on a burner. This will cause the oven to fill up with flammable gas, making it very easy for the stove to ignite and explode.
Natural gas and propane stoves can release carbon monoxide, formaldehyde and other harmful pollutants into the air, which can be toxic to people and pets. Using a wood stove or fireplace to cook can result in high levels of indoor air pollution from wood smoke.
Now researchers from the Norwegian University of Science and Technology in Trondheim have compared gas and electric cooking methods, and found that gas produces higher levels of the cancer-causing fumes. Gas heating in new build houses will be banned by , but gas hobs will still be allowed, according to Chancellor Philip Hammond. New homes will use heat pumps and energy-efficient measures to heat them. Both gas and electric ranges have advantages, depending on what and how you cook.
Gas ranges offer more precise heat control for searing meats or stir-frying veggies, while the dry, even heat of electric ranges works better for baked goods. A gas stove is better than an electric stove in terms of total energy consumption.
There are no plans to phase out gas boilers in existing homes.
0コメント